Parent, Peer and Economic Status on Fat Intake in Adolescents
Article History
Submited : January 26, 2026
Published : February 5, 2026
Keywords:
To investigate environment factor on fat intake among adolescents. Methods: Cross sectional study includes 120 adolescents aged 15 – 18 years old. The instruments consist of the socioeconomic and peer support questionnaire. The fat intake was obtained from the food recall used the 24-food recall form through the multiple-pass methods. Results: There is no significant correlation between peer support and fat intake. Similarly with the father’s education and wealth index, that has been found no significant association with fat intake. Nonetheless, mother’s education showed has significant association with fat intake. Conclusion: Important to make sure the material’s education to regulate the fat intake. However, the education from mother, not only can decrease the fat intake but also has potential to increase the fat intake if it is not accompanied by the education form health professional.
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2. Prihatini, S., Julianti, E. D., & Hermina, H. (2016). Kontribusi Jenis Bahan Makanan Terhadap Konsumsi Natrium Pada Anak Usia 6-18 Tahun Di Indonesia (Food Contribution In Sodium Intake Of Children And Young Age [6-18 Years] In Indonesia). Penelitian Gizi Dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research), 39(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.22435/pgm.v39i1.5973.55-63
3. Prihatini, S., Permaesih, D., & Julianti, E. (2017). Asupan Natrium Penduduk Indonesia: Analisis Data Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) 2014. GIZI INDONESIA, 39(1), 15-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v39i1.205
4. Badan Pusat Statistik. Konsumsi Kalori dan Protein Penduduk Indonesia dan Provinsi Berdasarkan hasil Susenas 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik.2020
5. Direktorat Kesehatan dan Gizi Masyarakat. Kajian Sektor Kesehatan Pembangunan Gizi di Indonesia. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.2020
6. Amaliyah M, Soeyono RD, Nurlaela L, Kritiastuti D. Pola Konsumsi Makan Remaja Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. J Tata Boga. 2021;10(1):129–37.
7. Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Sacco RL, Anderson CAM, Antman EM, Campbell N, et al. Sodium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease: Further evidence supporting the American Heart Association sodium reduction recommendations. Circulation. 2012;126(24):2880–9.
8. Gowrishankar M, Blair B, Rieder MJ. Dietary intake of sodium by children: Why it matters. Paediatr Child Heal. 2020;25(1):47–61
9. Badan Penelitian dan pengembangan Kesehatan kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2013. p.218-220
10. Badan Penelitian dan pengembangan Kesehatan kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2018. p.19
11. Agustina R, Meilianawati, Fenny, Atmarita, Suparmi, Susiloretni KA, et al. Psychosocial, Eating Behavior, and Lifestyle Factors Influencing Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents. Food Nutr Bull. 2021;42(1_suppl):S72–91
12. Rahajeng E, Kristanti D & Kusumawardani N (2016) Perbedaan laju kecepatan terjadinya hipertensi menurut konsumsi natrium [studi kohort prospektif di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia] (The incidence rate difference of hypertension according to sodium consumption [A prospective cohort study in Bogor city, West Java, Indonesia]). Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (J Nutr Food Res) 39, 45–53
13. Ghasab Shirazi M, Kazemi A, Kelishadi R, Mostafavi F. A review on determinants of nutritional behavior in teenagers. Iran J Pediatr. 2017;27(3).
14. Wansink, B., & Jeffrey S. (2007), ‘‘Mindless Eating. The 200 daily food decisions we overlook’’, Environment and Behavior, 39: 1 (January), pp. 106–23.
15. Hart SR, Pierson S, Goto K, Giampaoli J. Development and initial validation evidence for a mindful eating questionnaire for children. Vol. 129, Appetite. 2018. p. 178–85.
16. Avery A, Anderson C, McCullough F. Associations between children’s diet quality and watching television during meal or snack consumption: A systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(4).
17. Mantzios M, Egan H, Hussain M, Keyte R, Bahia H. Mindfulness, self-compassion, and mindful eating in relation to fat and sugar consumption: an exploratory investigation. Eat Weight Disord [Internet]. 2018;23(6):833–40. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0548-4
18. Kabat-Zinn J (2006) Coming to our senses: healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness. Hyperion, New York
19. Grossman P (2013) Kindness and compassion as integral to mindfulness—experiencing the knowable in a special way. In: Singer T, Bolz M (eds) Compassion: bridging practice and science. Max Planck Society, Munich, pp 192–207
20. Timmerman, G. M., Tahir, M. J., Lewis, R. M., Samoson, D., Temple, H., & Forman, M. R. (2017). Self-management of dietary intake using mindful eating to improve dietary intake for individuals with early stage chronic kidney disease. Journal of behavioral medicine, 40(5), 702–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9835-1
21. Daly P, Pace T, Berg J, Menon U, Szalacha LA. A mindful eating intervention: A theory-guided randomized anti-obesity feasibility study with adolescent Latino females. Complement Ther Med [Internet]. 2016;28:22–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.07.006
22. Baker P, Friel S. Processed foods and the nutrition transition: Evidence from Asia. Obes Rev. 2014;15(7):564–77
23. WHO. Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO), 2012.
24. Indonesia’s Minister of Health. Regulation on Recommended Dietary Allowance of Indonesia. 2019;(mL):5-10
25. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Dietary Reference Intakes for sodium and potassium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25353.
26. Features S, Behaviors H. Dietary Patterns among Adolescents Are Associated with Growth, Socioeconomic Features, and Health-Related Behaviors. 2021;1–11
27. de Arruda Neta A da CP, Steluti J, de Lima Ferreira FEL, de Farias Junior JC, Marchioni DML. Dietary patterns among adolescents and associated factors: Longitudinal study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, diet and adolescent health. Cienc e Saude Coletiva. 2021;26:3839–51
28. Man CS, Salleh R, Ahmad MH, Baharudin A, Koon PB, Aris T. Dietary patterns and associated factors among adolescents in malaysia: Findings from adolescent nutrition survey 2017. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):1–12
29. Adiba C, Pradigdo SF, Kartasurya MI. Association between social media exposure to food and beverages with nutrient intake of female adolescents. Kesmas. 2020;15(4):191–8.
30. Piatkowski C, Keidar S, Carbert N, Naylor PJ, McKay H, Hanning R, et al. Codevelopment of Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors: A Dyadic Examination of Parenting Practices and Adolescent Characteristics. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2021;53(3):254–60.
31. Aparicio E, Canals J, Arija V, De Henauw S, Michels N. The role of emotion regulation in childhood obesity: Implications for prevention and treatment. Nutr Res Rev. 2016;29(1):17–29.
32. Pusat Pendidikan Sumber Daya Manusia Kesehatan. Survey Konsumsi Pangan. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018.
33. Paulson S, Davidson R, Jha A, Kabat-Zinn J. Becoming conscious: The science of mindfulness. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013;1303(1):87–104.
34. Framson, C., Kristal, A. R., Schenk, J., Littman, A. J., Zeliadt, S., & Benitez, D. Development and validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2009; 109(8): 1439–1444. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006
35. Nelson JB. Mindful eating: The art of presence while you eat. Diabetes Spectr. 2017;30(3):171–4.
36. Carrière K, Khoury B, Günak MM, Knäuper B. Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss : a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2017;(14).
37. Román N. Mindful Awareness or Self-Regulation in Eating : an Investigation into the Underlying Dimensions of Mindful Eating. 2019;2110–20.
38. Monroe JT. Mindful Eating : Principles and Practice. 2015;XX(X):1–4.
39. Hilmia M. Hubungan mindful eating dan kesehatan mental mahasiswi perguruan tinggi negeri di Kota Malang. 2020; Available from: http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/17507/
40. Kristeller JL, Epel E. Mindful Eating and Mindless Eating The Science and the Practice. 2014;(1992).
Pamungkas, R. (2026). Parent, Peer and Economic Status on Fat Intake in Adolescents. Journal of Global Nutrition, 5(2), 719-733. https://doi.org/10.53823/jgn.v5i2.181
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