Pregnancy is a critical period during which good maternal nutrition is an important factor that affects the health of both the mother and the child. The study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, dietary habits and nutritional status of pregnant women. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023 among 400 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of four selected township hospitals at Naypyidaw Territory. Of 400 pregnant women, only 18% of the pregnant women were undernourished in this study. Few (6%) of the pregnant women had high nutritional knowledge, yet most of the pregnant women (78.5%) had favorable attitudes towards nutrition. More than half (64.8%) had good dietary habits in this study. Educational level, estimated average family income, number of antenatal visits, and nutritional knowledge of the pregnant women were significantly associated with the dietary habits of the respondents according to bivariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of antenatal visits and nutritional knowledge of pregnant women were significantly influenced by their dietary habits. The pregnant women who attended more frequent antenatal visits had better dietary habits than those with less frequent antenatal visits [AOR =2.00; 95% CI (1.14,3.5), p-value=0.016)]. Additionally, pregnant women with a high nutritional knowledge level were more likely to have better dietary habits [(AOR=6.96; 95% CI (1.57, 30.98), p-value = 0.011]. Nutrition education programs should be emphasized on frequent antenatal visits to improve the nutritional knowledge and dietary habits of pregnant women.

Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin value is <12 g/dL and often occurs in adolescent girls due to many factors such as lack of nutritional intake which can also affect the nutritional status of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between sleep quality, protein intake, vitamin C and iron to nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in female students at MTs Al-Mukhsin. The study was conducted at MTs Al-Mukhsin in July 2023 with a sample size of 55 subjects from classes VIII and IX using simple random sampling technique through a cross sectional approach and analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Based on descriptive analysis 54,5% had good nutritional status, 67,3% of subjects had poor sleep quality, 45,5% had anemiat. The results of Spearman rank correlation analysis between sleep quality and nutritional status showed no relationship (p = 0,143). The results of the analysis of sleep quality with the incidence of anemia showed no relationship (p = 0,215). The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in female students at MTs Al-Mukhsin.

In Indonesia, maternal anemia, which affects nearly half of pregnant women, is still a growing nutritional issue. Several negative impacts of maternal anemia have been validated, including its effect on their offspring such as low birthweight and risk of being stunting. Maternal knowledge affects maternal compliance on iron supplementation consumption which significantly correlated with maternal anaemia status. This study aimed to investigate determinants of maternal knowledge on iron supplementation. A total of 121 pregnant women from Pajangan Sub-District in Bantul participated in this cross-sectional study. A bivariate and multivariate analysis conducted to investigate the correlations of each independent variable to the outcome. The crude and adjusted OR showed that higher mothers’ education level (AOR=3.77, CI=1.184 – 11.98), unemployeed mothers (AOR =2.99, CI = 1.02 – 8.77) and non-anaemic mothers (AOR=5.14, CI=1.51 – 17.45)  associated significantly with higher iron supplementation knowledge. Maternal pregnancy status (gravidity and age of pregancy) as well as family income were not associated with maternal knowledge. Information regarding iron supplementation enhancer, inhibition and side effects should be promoted more among mothers. Health practitionaires should also provide health promotion at the workspace to reach employeed mothers in improving healthy pregnancy literacy.

Breast milk (ASI) is the main natural and best food for babies, because it contains nutrients with a composition that suits the baby’s needs and optimal growth and development and protects from various diseases. Exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still low due to family factors that do not support exclusive breastfeeding. Family support is needed by breastfeeding mothers because mothers need attention, affection, support and health information about exclusive breastfeeding from the closest person, namely husband or family. Family support is provided in several forms, namely emotional support, informational support, instrumental support and appraisal support. This study aims to determine relationship between family support and success of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 6-12 months in work area of the sewon II health center. The method used observational type with cross sectional approach design, the number of respondents 163 who had infants aged 6-12 months met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total sampling techniques and bivariate data analysis using statistical test and Chi-Square test. The results of the analysis showed that family support with the success of exclusive breastfeeding was mostly good at 89.6% and the success of exclusive breastfeeding at 65.6%. There was a significant relationship between family support and the success of exclusive breastfeeding with significant value (p = 0,025<0,05).

Stunting remains prevalent in Indonesia. The indicators of the family's health were related with an unhealthy sanitation cause affect health and nutritional problems. This risk factor can affect the family to have stunting children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of family environmental sanitation status with stunting status in Kulon Progo. Methods: The Case-control study was conducted in 240 children with 80 cases (stunting) and 160 control (not stunting) groups, respectively. The subjects were 6-59 months and taken by purposive sampling technique in the public health center of Temon 2 in Kulon Progo, Indonesia. Stunting was assessed by z-score height for age which analyzed by WHO Anthro. Structured questionnaires were created to assess anthropometry, characteristics, and sanitation status in the household. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a relationship between family environment sanitation status and the incidence of stunting among subjects (p = 0.046; OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.01-2.99). Clean water availability in the households associated with the high risk of the children had stunting status (p = 0.012; OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.20-3.62). However, the other sanitation facilities such as a healthy latrine, trash can, and sewerage system had no association with the stunting risk in the household (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study found that if the families had not met the requirement of having clean water availability, they would have two times increase the risk of their children has stunting status.